Rolandus Bandinellus

(Pope Alexander III.)

 Biography

• Born: 07.09.1159
• 21. November 1150: Cardinalate
• 16. May 1153: Cardinal presbyterus et cancellarius
• 07. September 1159: Pope Alexander III
• Death: 30.08.1181 
  

Activities as Canonist

• Most of his scholarship as Magister Rolandus probably before his Cadinalate.
• From 1153: Commentaries on the Decretum
• Wrote the Stroma (called in manuscripts), Summa (as published document) with Paucapalea’s commentaries on the Decretum in front of him, but independently from them.
• Sententiae (unknown if ever written by him).
• IV. Sententarum magistri Bandini (unknown if even written by him).
• As Pope Alexander III: Defended the rights of the Church in front of Schisms with Antipope Victor IV.
• 1179: 3^rd Lateran Council.
• 1179: Decree on Papal Elections: Two thirds majority was established at Papal Elections by him.

Editions and Sources

• HÖDL, Günther/CLASSEN, Peter (ed.): Die Briefe der deutschen Kaiserzeit 6: Die Admonter Briefsammlung nebst ergänzenden Briefen, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, München 1983, pp.199-216.
• THANER, Friedrich (ed.): Die Summa Magistri Rolandi nachmals Papstes Alexander III, Verlag der Wagner’schen Universitaets-Buchhandlung, Innsbruck 1874.

Introductory secondary literature

• Entry in Regetra Imperii with secondary literature
• LAUDAGE, Johannes: Alexander III., in: KASPER, Walter (ed.): Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, Vol.1, A-Barcelona, Herder Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau 2009.
• SCHULTE, Johann Friedrich: Die Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des canonischen Rechts. Von Gratian bis auf die Gegenwart, Vol.1, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1875, pp.114-118.